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Volume 10, Issue 4

Investigating the impact of insertion sequences and transposons in the genomes of the most significant phytopathogenic bacteria Open Access

Abstract

Genetic variability in phytopathogens is one of the main problems encountered for effective plant disease control. This fact may be related to the presence of transposable elements (TEs), but little is known about their role in host genomes. Here, we performed the most comprehensive analysis of insertion sequences (ISs) and transposons (Tns) in the genomes of the most important bacterial plant pathogens. A total of 35 692 ISs and 71 transposons were identified in 270 complete genomes. The level of pathogen–host specialization was found to be a significant determinant of the element distribution among the species. Some Tns were identified as carrying virulence factors, such as genes encoding effector proteins of the type III secretion system and resistance genes for the antimicrobial streptomycin. Evidence for IS-mediated ectopic recombination was identified in genomes. Moreover, we found that IS elements tend to be inserted in regions near virulence and fitness genes, such ISs disrupting avirulence genes in genomes. In addition, transcriptome analysis under different stress conditions revealed differences in the expression of genes encoding transposases in the , , and species. Lastly, we also investigated the role of Tns in regulation via small noncoding regulatory RNAs and found these elements may target plant-cell transcriptional activators. Taken together, the results indicate that TEs may have a fundamental role in variability and virulence in plant pathogenic bacteria.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): phytopathogens , transposable genetic elements and virulence and genome evolution
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Award 001)
    • Principle Award Recipient: AlexiaSuellen Fernandes
© 2024 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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2024-04-03
2024-04-30
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Investigating the impact of insertion sequences and transposons in the genomes of the most significant phytopathogenic bacteria
M Gen 10, 001219 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.001219
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.001219
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