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Volume 1, Issue 5

Genome sequence comparisons of serial multi-drug-resistant isolates over 21 years of infection in a single patient Open Access

Abstract

We report a case of chronic pulmonary multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. Despite 14 years of treatment, was persistently isolated from sputum. Following treatment cessation the patient remained well, although was isolated from sputum for a further 8 years. Genome sequencing of eight serial isolates cultured between 1991 and 2011 revealed 17 mutations (0.8 mutations per genome year). Eight of these were persisting mutations and only two mutations were detected in the 7 years following cessation of treatment in 2004. In four isolates there were mixed alleles, suggesting the likely presence of bacterial subpopulations. The initial 1991 isolate demonstrated genotypic resistance to isoniazid ( W91R), rifampicin ( S531L), ethambutol ( M306V), streptomycin ( L16R), quinolones ( S95T) and P-aminosalicylic acid ( T202A). Subsequent resistance mutations developed for pyrazinamide ( I31F) and ethionamide ( frameshift). Such information might have been instructive when developing a treatment regimen. In retrospect and with the benefit of high-resolution genomic hindsight we were able to determine that the patient received only one or two active anti-tuberculous agents for most of their treatment. Additionally, mutations in and Rv2326c were detected, which may have contributed to the persistent but mild disease course. BacA is likely to be associated with maintenance of chronic infection and Rv2326c with a decreased bacterial metabolic state. These results expand our understanding of evolution during human infection and underline the link between antibiotic resistance and clinical persistence.

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Keyword(s): antibiotic resistance , clinical persistence , evolution and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
© 2015 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the source is credited.
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2015-11-06
2024-04-19
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Genome sequence comparisons of serial multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates over 21 years of infection in a single patient
M Gen 1, e000037 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000037
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